The Meissner effect is not explained by BCS-London theory

The first and second London equations are generally accepted as the correct description of electrodynamics of superconductors, and they describe phenomenologically the fact that no magnetic field exists in the interior of a superconductor. The microscopic BCS theory is consistent with London's description.

However these theories do not explain the Meissner effect: the process by which a magnetic field is expelled from the interior of a metal undergoing a transition to the superconducting state. Nor do they provide a dynamical explanation of the London moment generation.

Watch the Meissner effect happen here. For a simple explanation of what is happening, see here.

The following papers explain why BCS-London theory can't explain the Meissner effect and offer an explanation for it: superconductors expel magnetic field because they expel negative charge

[1] Consequences of charge imbalance in superconductors within the theory of hole superconductivity , cond-mat/0012517, Phys.Lett.A 281, 44 (2001)

[2] Superconductors as giant atoms predicted by the theory of hole superconductivity , cond-mat/0301611 , Phys.Lett.A 309, 457 (2003).

[3] The Lorentz force and superconductivity , cond-mat/0305542, Phys.Lett.A 315, 474 (2003).

[4] Superconductors as giant atoms: qualitative aspects , cond-mat/0305574 (2003), AIP Conf. Proc. 695(1) 21 (17 Dec 2003).

[5] Charge expulsion and electric field in superconductors , cond-mat/0308604, Phys.Rev. B 68, 184502 (2003).

[6] Do superconductors violate Lenz's law? Body rotation under field cooling and theoretical implications, Phys.Lett. A366, 615 (2007).

[7] Spin Meissner Effect in Superconductors and the Origin of the Meissner Effect , arXiv:0710.0876 (2007), Europhys. Lett. 81, 67003 (2008).

[8] Electrodynamics of spin currents in superconductors , arXiv:0803.1198 (2008), Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 17, 380 (2008).

[9] The missing angular momentum of superconductors , arXiv:0803.2054, (2008), J. Phys. Cond. Matt. 20, 235233 (2008).

[10] BCS theory of superconductivity: it is time to question its validity, Physica Scripta 80 (2009) 035702.

[11] Charge expulsion, Spin Meissner effect, and charge inhomogeneity in superconductors , arXiv:0810.5127, (2008), Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 22, 131 (2009).

[12] Explanation of the Meissner Effect and Prediction of a Spin Meissner Effect in Low and High $T_c$ Superconductors, Physica C 470, S955 (2010).

[13] Electromotive forces and the Meissner effect puzzle, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 23, 309 (2010) dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-009-0531-4.

[14] Kinetic energy driven superconductivity, the origin of the Meissner effect, and the reductionist frontier, arXiv:1103.3912 (2011), Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 25, 1173 (2011).

[15] Meissner effect, Spin Meissner effect and charge expulsion in superconductors , arXiv:1106.5311 (2011), J Supercond Nov Magn 26, 2239 (2013).

[16] Correcting 100 years of misunderstanding: electric fields in superconductors, hole superconductivity, and the Meissner effect, arXiv:1202.1851, J Supercond Nov Magn 25, 1357 (2012).

[17] The origin of the Meissner effect in new and old superconductors , arXiv:1201.0139 (2011), Physica Scripta 85, 035704 (2012).

[18] Kinetic energy driven superfluidity and superconductivity and the origin of the Meissner effect, arXiv:1210.1578 (2012), Physica C 493, 18 (2013) .

[19] Dynamic Hubbard model: kinetic energy driven charge expulsion, charge inhomogeneity, hole superconductivity, and Meissner effect, arXiv:1302.4178 (2013), Physica Scripta 88, 035704 (2013).

[20] The London moment: what a rotating superconductor reveals about superconductivity, arXiv:1310.3834 (2013), Physica Scripta 89, 015806 (2014).

[21] Dynamics of the normal-superconductor phase transition and the puzzle of the Meissner effect , arxiv: 1504.05190 (2015), Annals of Physics 362, 1 (2015).

[22] On the dynamics of the Meissner effect, arxiv: 1508.03307 (2015), Physica Scripta 91, 035801 (2016).

[23] The disappearing momentum of the supercurrent in the superconductor to normal phase transformation, arxiv:1604.03565 (2016), Europhys. Lett. 114, 57001 (2016) .

[24] On the reversibitity of the Meissner effect and the angular momentum puzzle, arXiv:1604.07443 (2016), Annals of Physics 373, 230 (2016) .

[25] Corrigendum on "On the dynamics of the Meissner effect", arXiv:1609.06299 (2016), Physica Scripta 91, 099501 (2016).

[26] Momentum of superconducting electrons and the explanation of the Meissner effect, arXiv:1609.08451 (2016), Phys. Rev. B 95, 014503 (2017).

[27] Why only hole conductors can be superconductors, Proc. SPIE 10105, Oxide-based Materials and Devices VIII, 101051V (March 7, 2017), arXiv:1703.09777.

[28] Entropy generation and momentum transfer in the superconductor-normal and normal-superconductor phase transformations and the consistency of the conventional theory of superconductivity, arxiv: 1703.04404 (2017), Int. J. Mod. Phys. B Vol. 32, 1850158 (2018).

[29] Spinning Superconductors and Ferromagnets, Acta Physica Polonica A 133, 350 (2018)

[30] Moment of inertia of superconductors, arXiv:1808.02857 (2018), Physics Letters A 383, 83 (2019)

[31] Defying inertia: how rotating superconductors generate magnetic fields, arXiv:1812.06780 (2018), Annalen der Physik (2019).

[32] Alfven-like waves along normal-superconductor phase boundaries , arXiv:1906.03083 (2019), Physica C 564, 42 (2019)

[33] Thermodynamic inconsistency of the conventional theory of superconductivity , arXiv:1907.11273 (2019), Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 34, 2050175 (2020).

[34] Superconducting materials: the whole story, arXiv:1908.04419 (2019), J Supercond Nov Magn 33, 61–68 (2020).

[35] How Alfven's theorem explains the Meissner effect, arXiv:1909.11443 (2019), Mod. Phys. Lett. B 34, 2050300 (2020).

[36] Inconsistency of the conventional theory of superconductivity, arXiv:1909.12786 (2019), EPL 130, 17006 (2020).

[37] Joule heating in the normal-superconductor phase transition in a magnetic field, arXiv:2001.07509 (2020), Physica C 576, 1353687 (2020).

[38] Magnetic flux expulsion in a superconducting wire, arXiv:2106.00262 (2021), Physics Letters A 413, 127592 (2021).

[39] Superconductivity, what the H? the emperor has no clothes, International Journal of Modern Physics B 2430001 (2024), APS Forum on Physics and Society Newsletter, January 2020, p. 4-9 .

[40] On Thermal and Electrodynamic Aspects of the Superconductive Transition Process, Materials 2024, 17, 254 .

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